Annotative bibliography 3, 4

Huang, Gary G."What Federal Statistics Reveal about Migrant Farmworkers: A Summary for Education." Ericdigests.org. ericdigest, n.d. Web. 2003-2004.

This article is a good compilation of data on migrant farm workers. Unfortunately it is just a regurgitation of the only data to currently be found on migrant farm workers and their situation. This speaks volumes in my opinion. This is a good example of how our current systems are not working as well as they could, unless we gather the appropriate information how can we ever hope to improve on an antiquated educational system such as the ones currently in place for migrant workers. Huang writes "With federal efforts underway to leave no child behind, a new study could provide essential information to U.S. educators as they plan educational reform for this marginalized group of students. " His statement and conclusion drives home the importance of reforming old systems to meet the needs of these people in our modern world.

"The Plight of Farm workers." Farmworker Movement Documents. Web. 10 Mar 2011. <javascript:popUp('http://farmworkermovement.org/media/video/players/valdez_monologue.swf')>.

The video "The Plight of Farm workers." By Luis Valdez is a short documentary of life as a farm worker in the 60's and 70's it shows there living conditions, lack of education, and how they are viewed by their employers and the public. This coincides with the data compiled by Gary Huang in 2003-2004. These two articles really emphasize the needs to reform the current programs. It appears that over a span of 50 years only the current children of migrant workers are beginning to really break free of what was once considered the only option for these people. Luis' video brings into perspective that migrant farm workers are ghosts in the fields, looked at the same way now as they were 50 years ago.

Annotated Bibliography #4 GM

Ortega, Adrianne. "And Health Care For All: Immigrants In The Shadow of The Promise OF Universal Health Care.". American Journal of Law and Medicine[serial on the internet].(2009,Mar),[cited March 10, 2011];35(1):185-204. Academic Search Premier.

This article gives an argument for extending medicare coverage to non-citizens, and to allow non-citizens to purchase employer-based insurance coverage. If the US passes universal health care coverage, congress should repeal the prohibitions of the Welfare Reform Act to allow this to happen. Ortega gives an extensive argument for extending health care coverage to non-citizens, she gives an overview of the uninsured non-citizen population and the goals of the US health care policy. Ortega states, "Legislation guaranteeing affordable and accessible health care coverage for all should provide affirmative health care coverage for immigrants." Ortega provides a background of current health care laws, and the burdens caused by federal legislation. She argues that excluding immigrants from public health services has created a burden on states and hospitals without any evidence of actually deterring illegal immigration.

Annotated Bibliography #3 GM

Stimpson, Jim P., Wilson, Fernando A., Karl Eschbach.
"Trends In Health Care Spending For Immigrants In The United States."
Health Affairs. v29n3(2010 03 01):544-550. Web. 3/09/11

This article is a study that compares the national trends in public spending for health care of adult naturalized citizens and immigrant non-citizens relative to U.S. natives. It does not attempt to directly measure health care expenditures for undocumented immigrants. It includes the study data and methods, data sources, study limitations, and study findings including, the findings for total health care spending, publicly funded health spending, and uncompensated care. Overall the findings concluded that immigrant expenditures were lower than expenditures for the native-born relative to their share of the population. Immigrants were less likely than native-born to use public sources of funding for health care.

Annotated Bibliography 1 & 2

Bechtel , Gregory A, Ruth Davidhizar, and Wanda R Spurlock. "Migrant Farm Workers and their Families:Cultural Patterns and Delivery of Care in the United States." International Journal of Nursing Practice. (2000): 300-306. Print.

Throughout the article it talks about the lifestyle of the migrant workers, it explains how the woman is supposed to mainly bear children and the man goes out and does the seasonal work. Professor Bechtel talked about how “disabilities” are a sign from God that they workers shouldn’t work in that field anymore or on that ranch and so many of them will get up and leave. The essay talked about the hazards and difficulties that the migrant families go through as well as the environmental and social hazards that they have to be aware of each time they get up and go to work each day. The whole point of the essay was to show that the Giger-Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model is a way to show the interactions for these migrant workers culturally. I liked how the model was showing the positive and negative effects of how these families live but I wanted more information on the expectations of each family member. This essay showed me that I want to see how the High School Equivalency Program transforms with the family and how it actually accommodates each family with their unique needs.

Martinez , Yolanda G, and Ann Cranston-Gringas -. "Migrant Farm Workers and the Educational Process: Barriers to High School Completion ." High School Journal . 80.1 (1996): 198. Print

Once again this academic journal explain what migrant workers were and what their lifestyle’s consisted of. They also talked about a Migrant Equivalency Program, which basically helps them get through any levels of grade school. It went into depth about the reasons many of the migrants drop out and what ages it is usually expected of them. The migrant program talked about different ideas and tests that they have done on migrant students to try to keep them involved in school. Two of the main reasons were work and lack of interest in school that they dropped out. I think that by finding out these two main points helps the program find a direction to try and accommodate each of the students involved in the program. I think that the fact that they pointed out that work is an inescapable factor in trying to keep these students in school was something that needed to be said. The main idea that I took from this article is that culture comes into education as much as any other factor and somehow the High School Equivalency Program needs to and tries to break down that barrier and try to find a way to make the lives for these full time workers become students also.

Annotated Bibliography

Logsdon, Ann. "Disproportional Representation - Disproportionality in Special Education Programs." Learning Disability - What is a Learning Disability?. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2011. .

In this article Ann Logsdon, a school psychologist who specializes in helping parents and teachers support students disabilities, and has over 18 years of experience in special education. Logsdon in this article uses her extensive background in special education to address very concisely what Disproportionality is and how it is effecting students and schools. There are many hidden implications from disproportionality in special education. Logsdon highlights a few such as, hindering scholastic development, breed negative stereotypes of minorities, and create a continuing lower expectations of students who are misrepresented. This article does a very good job at providing valuable information to not only professionals in education but also to parents, who often time feel out of the loop.

"Oklahoma Parents Center." Oklahoma Parents Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2011. .

The Oklahoma Parents Center, Dictionary is a compilation of all academic definitions for special education. This website is run and maintained by professionals in Education dedicated to training parents and families to help support children with disabilities. This website provides a vast amount of valuable information to parents and professional to help train them in many aspects from developing IEP's to Bully prevention. With limited resources to help educate and assist in the advancement of children with disabilities the Oklahoma Parents Center is a vital part of helping parents.

Annotated Bibliography 1 and 2

The Sinking Life Boat: Uncontrolled Immigration and the U.S. Health care System.
http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_researchba61&gclid=CLPR__7os6cCFR9NgwodZCmU-A. Web3/3/2011
This article talks about the costs put on the health care system, its hospitals, and tax payers because of what they consider to be illegal immigrants seeking health care. It talks about the federal governments laws and regulations put on the health care system and how these rules affect insurance premiums for those who have insurance, and the effects it has on local systems. It gives a variety of statistics on states that have a high immigrant population on average loss hospitals acquire from treating those without the ability to pay. It strongly states it is the federal governments responsibility to reimburse those local health care systems that lose money from a high number of patients unable to pay, because the federal law states that no person shall be denied medical treatment regardless of ability to pay. The article is expressing the point that we need to increase border and immigration control to put a stop to ever rising health care costs.
This article gives a flip side to most of the research I have been doing. Most of the information I have found relates to the need to provide immigrants health care, regardless of legal status. That immigrants perform a much needed job and should be given the same rights as native born citizens in relation to health care.

Advocacy Needed on Health Care for Immigrants
http://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2010/02/advocacy-needed-on-health-care-for-immigrants.html.Web3/3/2011.
I chose this article because it shows a concern for the need for health care options for immigrants both legal and illegal. It is a great contrast to the last article. I feel this one offers other answers to the issues the previous article addressed.
This was a plea to progressive leaders to ask the president and congressman to consider the needs of immigrants while writing the health care reform bill. This article is addressing the need to enact health care reform that provides affordable health insurance to more families including immigrants. There are 2 major points they are asking for. 1. Removal of the 5 year waiting period for legal immigrants into medicaid, 2. Allow undocumented immigrants to purchase private health insurance through the new exchange programs. Overall, improve health care equity for immigrants.
This touches on where my research is going, what is being done to ensure everyone has adequate health care that is affordable. How is the current system addressing the issues faced by lower income families and immigrants?

Annotated Bibliographies 1&2

Milton, Katherine, and Jack Watson. "Distance Education for Mexican-American Migrant Farmworkers." (1997): n. pag. Web. 3 Mar 2011. <http://seamonkey.ed.asu.edu/~mcisaac/emc598geold97/Spring97/10/migrant.html>.

Milton and Watson have compiled a great deal of statistics regarding the characteristics, educational needs and opportunities concerning migrant workers. Most importantly to my research is the data concerning the successfulness of the current educational programs for migrant workers. The information concerning HEP programs across the country shows it as the most successful program assisting migrant workers and their educational needs. But according to Milton and Watson this isn't enough due to the mobility of migrant workers a program that can travel with them such as an online course would better fit the needs of the students and probably facilitate a higher success rate. The addition of a central administration of student records would also be a huge step in the right direction as well (Milton, and Watson). It is however unfortunate that most of the references in there article are outdated, thus taking away from current credibility. With that said the statistics still shed light on the difficulties and success of the educational programs for migrant workers.

 

Wu, Huei-Hsia. "Silent Numbers the economic benefits of migrant labor." By The Numbers. Boise state university Idaho issues online, 2005. Web. 3 Mar 2011. <http://www.boisestate.edu/history/issuesonline/fall2005_issues/5f_numbers_mex.html>.

Wu's article on the benefits and importance of migrant workers both documented and undocumented has a lot of facts and statistics pertaining strictly to Idaho. The main focus is the necessity of these migrant workers and how crucial they are to Idaho's agricultural industry. The section of his article pertaining to the education levels of these workers shows just how important it is to revamp our antiquated educational assistance programs to meet the needs of the migrant labor force. The information presented by Wu speaks well with Milton and Watson's paper concerning the education programs for migrant workers.